%------------------------------- % LEXICON %------------------------------- % Copyright © 2002 Teknowledge Corporation % This software released under the GNU Public License . % General Notes: % NUMBER-- % ACE only handles singular determiners and nouns at present, but % the plural form is required for future extensibility. So number is % included for nouns, verbs, and determiner lexicon entries. But to % simplify the exposition only singular forms are included below and % the grammatical rules do not check number since only singular forms % are available at present. % COMPOUNDS-- % Typical lexicon entries are single words many entries (e.g., verbs, % nouns, adjectives) can be compounds, consisting of two or more words. % Examples are 'dry clean', 'credit card', and 'first class'. Note: the current % implementation does allow compounds of more than two words. In the % case where WORD would be a single word in a lexical entry it is replaced % by a list such as [WORD1, WORD2]. E.g., the compound 'dry clean' is specified % as [dry,clean] in the verb lexical entry where a simple noun such as 'enter' % would be specified as an atom. :- style_check(-singleton). % no singletons warnings :- style_check(-discontiguous). % allows more creative predicate placement :-write('Loading CELT Parser Version 2(b) ...lexicon...syntactic and semantic translation for simple sentences and queries'),nl. %------------------------------- % Determiners (Built into ACE) %------------------------------- % determiner_in_lexicon(Determiner,Definite_Or_Not). % where Definite_Or_Not is one of [definite, indefinite] % reminder: ACE only handles singular determiners and nouns at present determiner_in_lexicon(a,indefinite). determiner_in_lexicon(an,indefinite). determiner_in_lexicon(the,definite). determiner_in_lexicon(this,definite). %------------------------------- % Nouns (User Defined) %------------------------------- % noun_in_lexicon(Common_noun,Type,Gender,Countability,Number,SUO_concept,Synset_ID). % see P. 47, ACE manual for specs. % Type is one of [person,time,object] % Notes on noun lexicon entries: % 1. _ used for gender means either masculine or feminine, as it % unifies with either, and is considered equivalent to 'neuter', % which is not used. So values should be either masculine, feminine, % or _ for either or neuter. % 2. ACE only handles singular determiners and nouns at present, but % the plural form is required for future extensibility. % 3. Current grammar rules only handle compound nouns of exactly % two words. % simple nouns, neuter gender noun_in_lexicon(card,object,_,count,singular,'BankCard', 104863407). noun_in_lexicon(bank,object,_,count,singular,'Bank-FinancialOrganization', 106227059). noun_in_lexicon(teller,person,_,count,singular,'OccupationalRole',107635368). noun_in_lexicon(banker,person,_,count,singular,'OccupationalRole',107100408). noun_in_lexicon(code,object,_,count,singular,'Text',104790774). noun_in_lexicon(train,object,_,count,singular,'TransportationDevice',103528724). noun_in_lexicon(station,object,_,count,singular,'Building',103209448). % Used word sense of 'train station' here noun_in_lexicon(slot,object,_,count,singular,'ATMSlot',103355826). noun_in_lexicon(visitor,person,_,count,singular,'SocialRole',107668613). noun_in_lexicon(milkman,person,_,count,singular,'OccupationalRole',107410407). noun_in_lexicon(machine,object,_,count,singular,'Machine',102949521). noun_in_lexicon(tree,object,_,count,singular,'Plant',109396070). % example of a mass noun, commented out here as it is in CELT's imported vocabulary: % noun_in_lexicon(water,object,_,mass,singular,'Liquid',110650211). % nouns that are roles or otherwise require translations beyond % simple translations like (instance ?sample Sample) for some example % class Sample. noun_in_lexicon(customer,person,_,count,singular,'customer',107197309). noun_in_lexicon([customer,representative],person,_,count,singular,'customerRepresentative',107543954). % Used word sense of 'salesperson' % translation_template(+Role,+Position,+Suggested_Var_Names, +List_of_SUO_types) % is interpreted to mean that to say that if some SUO var plays role Role use this template % with the SUO var in position (starting with 1) Position and constrain % the other variables (which most also be introduced) to the SUO types % given. translation_template(customer,1, ['?customer','?salesperson'], % Informal documentation for each arg ['CognitiveAgent','CognitiveAgent']). % Type restrictions translation_template('customerRepresentative',2, ['?salesperson','?customer','?organization'], ['CognitiveAgent','CognitiveAgent','Organization']). % verb_translation_template(SUMO_relation_from_verb,Transitivity,Lambda_Expression) % generates special code for verbs that have mapped to SUMO relations using the % lambda expression supplied. Note: the first argument is the SUMO relation the verb % maps to, not the verb itself. In the example below, it is 'possesses' and not 'owns' % as 'owns' has already been mapped to 'possesses'. % verb_translation_templates are used to map sentences with stative verbs to % simple relations where the arguments are easily expressed by their grammatical % positions of subject, direct object, and / or indirect object. % translate 'X owns Y' to '[possesses, X, Y]' % instead of ...[event,'?event','possesses'],[agent,'?event',X],[patient,'?event',Y]... verb_translation_template(possesses,transitive,X^Y^[possesses,X,Y]). % same as stative_verb(possesses,transitive,X^Y^[possesses,X,Y]). % translate 'pilot' to '[and,[instance,X,'Human'],[attribute,X,'Pilot']]' % instead of [instance,X,'Pilot']. noun_translation_template(pilot,X^[and,[instance,X,'Human'],[attribute,X,'Pilot']]). % simple nouns, masculine gender % Note: these are now commented out as they are present in the CELT common noun lexicon. % noun_in_lexicon(man,person,masculine,count,singular,['Male','Human','FullyFormed'],107391044). % noun_in_lexicon(boy,person,masculine,count,singular,['Male','Human'],107389783). % noun_in_lexicon(male,object,masculine,count,singular,['Male','Human'],100865379). % simple nouns, feminine gender % Note: these are now commented out as they are present in the CELT common noun lexicon. % noun_in_lexicon(woman,person,feminine,count,singular,['Female','Human','FullyFormed'],107684780). % noun_in_lexicon(girl,person,feminine,count,singular,['Female','Human'],107290496). % noun_in_lexicon(female,object,feminine,count,singular,['Female','Human'],100865075). % compound nouns noun_in_lexicon([credit,card],object,_,count,singular,'CreditCard',109633105). %------------------------------- % Pronouns (Built into ACE) %------------------------------- % pronoun_in_lexicon(Personal_pronoun,Case,Gender,Type). % see P. 58, ACE manual for specs. % Notes on pronoun lexicon entries: % 1. Just as ACE only handles singular determiners and nouns at present % it only handle singular pronouns, too, so we do not need 'they' or 'them' % in the pronouns below. % 2. _ used for gender means either masculine or feminine, as it % unifies with either, and is considered equivalent to 'neuter', % which is not used. So values should be either masculine, feminine, % or _ for either or neuter. pronoun_in_lexicon(he,nominative,masculine,['CognitiveAgent','Male']). pronoun_in_lexicon(she,nominative,feminine,['CognitiveAgent','Female']). pronoun_in_lexicon(it,_,_,'Object'). pronoun_in_lexicon(him,accusative,masculine,['CognitiveAgent','Male']). pronoun_in_lexicon(her,accusative,feminine,['CognitiveAgent','Female']). %------------------------------- % Relative Pronouns (Built into ACE) %------------------------------- % relative_pronoun_in_lexicon(Rel,Rel_Type). % Rel_Type is one of [person,thing], or _ to refer to both. % see P. 23, ACE manual for specs. relative_pronoun_in_lexicon(who,person). % who refers to people relative_pronoun_in_lexicon(whom,person). % whom also refers to people relative_pronoun_in_lexicon(which,object). % which refers to things relative_pronoun_in_lexicon(that,person). % that can refer to people, things, etc. relative_pronoun_in_lexicon(that,object). % that can refer to people, things, etc. %------------------------------- % Proper Nouns (User Defined) %------------------------------- % proper_noun_in_lexicon(+Name,-Type,-Gender,-Number,-SUO_type,-SUO_constant,-Synset_ID). % where Type is one of [person,time,object] (the same as nouns). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Jane',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Jane-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Karla',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Karla-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('SimpleMat',object,_,singular,'Artifact','SimpleMat-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon(['Mr','Miller'],person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'MrMiller',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon(['The','New','York','Times'],object,_,singular,'Artifact','TheNewYorkTimes',empty). % 50 most common names from http://www.lifesmith.com/comnames.html, also see http://www.behindthename.com/top.html % Common names of males proper_noun_in_lexicon('James',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'James-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Jim',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'James-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Christopher',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Christopher-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Chris',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Christopher-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Ronald',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Ronald-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Ron',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Ronald-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('John',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'John-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Daniel',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Daniel-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Dan',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Daniel-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Anthony',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Anthony-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Tony',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Anthony-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Robert',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Robert-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Bob',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Robert-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Paul',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Paul-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Kevin',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Kevin-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Michael',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Michael-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Mike',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Michael-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Mark',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Mark-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Jason',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Jason-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('William',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'William-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Bill',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'William-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Donald',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Donald-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Don',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Donald-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Jeff',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Jeff-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('David',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'David-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Dave',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'David-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('George',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'George-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Richard',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Richard-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Dick',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Richard-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Kenneth',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Kenneth-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Ken',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Kenneth-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Charles',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Charles-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Charlie',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Charles-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Steven',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Steven-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Steve',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Steven-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Joseph',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Joseph-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Joe',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Joseph-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Edward',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Edward-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Ed',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Edward-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Thomas',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Thomas-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Tom',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Tom-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Brian',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Brian-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Rick',person,masculine,singular,['Human','Male','FullyFormed'],'Brian-1',empty). % Common names of females proper_noun_in_lexicon('Mary',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Mary-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Lisa',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Lisa-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Michelle',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Michelle-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Patricia',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Patricia-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Pat',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Patricia-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Nancy',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Nancy-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Laura',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Laura-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Linda',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Linda-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Karen',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Karen-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Sarah',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Sarah-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Sara',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Sarah-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Barbara',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Barbara-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Betty',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Betty-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Kimberly',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Kimberly-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Kim',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Kimberly-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Elizabeth',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Elizabeth-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Liz',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Elizabeth-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Helen',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Helen-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Deborah',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Deborah-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Debbie',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Deborah-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Jennifer',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Jennifer-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Jenny',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Jennifer-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Sandra',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Sandra-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Maria',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Maria-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Donna',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Donna-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Susan',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Susan-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Carol',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Carol-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Margaret',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Margaret-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Ruth',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Ruth-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Dorothy',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Dorothy-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Sharon',person,feminine,singular,['Human','Female','FullyFormed'],'Sharon-1',empty). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Monday',time,_,singular,'Day','Monday',110882888). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Tuesday',time,_,singular,'Day','Tuesday',110883014). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Wednesday',time,_,singular,'Day','Wednesday',110883142). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Thursday',time,_,singular,'Day','Thursday',110883253). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Friday',time,_,singular,'Day','Friday',110883362). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Saturday',time,_,singular,'Day','Saturday',110883469). proper_noun_in_lexicon('Sunday',time,_,singular,'Day','Sunday',110883776). proper_noun_in_lexicon('January',time,_,singular,'Month','January',110922756). proper_noun_in_lexicon('February',time,_,singular,'Month','February',110923216). proper_noun_in_lexicon('March',time,_,singular,'Month','March',110923619). proper_noun_in_lexicon('April',time,_,singular,'Month','April',110923938). proper_noun_in_lexicon('May',time,_,singular,'Month','May',110924252). proper_noun_in_lexicon('June',time,_,singular,'Month','June',110924593). proper_noun_in_lexicon('July',time,_,singular,'Month','July',110924973). proper_noun_in_lexicon('August',time,_,singular,'Month','August',110925280). proper_noun_in_lexicon('September',time,_,singular,'Month','September',110925564). proper_noun_in_lexicon('October',time,_,singular,'Month','October',110925921). proper_noun_in_lexicon('November',time,_,singular,'Month','November',110926231). proper_noun_in_lexicon('December',time,_,singular,'Month','December',110926618). % these are here temporarily to allow them to be referred to without determiners: % e.g., 'he arrives at midnight.' proper_noun_in_lexicon(midnight,time,_,singular,'TimeMeasure','TimeMeasure',110887026). proper_noun_in_lexicon(noon,time,_,singular,'TimeMeasure','TimeMeasure',110884479). %------------------------------- % Adjectives (User Defined) %------------------------------- % adjective_in_lexicon(Adjective,Root,Kind,Grade,SUO_concept) % Note: SUO_concept is a lambda expression for two-place adjectives. % Kind is one of [normal, two_place] % Grade is one of [positive,comparative,superlative] % ...note: use positive if the adjective is normally ungraded. % graded adjectives: adjective_in_lexicon(large,large,normal,positive,'largeness-WN01328712'). adjective_in_lexicon(larger,large,normal,comparative,'largeness-WN01328712'). adjective_in_lexicon(largest,large,normal,superlative,'largeness-WN01328712'). adjective_in_lexicon(small,small,normal,positive,'smallness-WN01336443'). adjective_in_lexicon(smaller,small,normal,comparative,'smallness-WN01336443'). adjective_in_lexicon(smallest,small,normal,superlative,'smallness-WN01336443'). adjective_in_lexicon(old,old,normal,positive,'oldness-WN03854196'). adjective_in_lexicon(older,old,normal,comparative,'oldness-WN03854196'). adjective_in_lexicon(oldest,old,normal,superlative,'oldness-WN03854196'). adjective_in_lexicon(new,new,normal,positive,'newness-WN03855074'). adjective_in_lexicon(newer,new,normal,comparative,'newness-WN03855074'). adjective_in_lexicon(newest,new,normal,superlative,'newness-WN03855074'). adjective_in_lexicon(hungry,hungry,normal,positive,'hungry-WN01216853'). adjective_in_lexicon(hungrier,hungry,normal,comparative,'hungry-WN01216853'). adjective_in_lexicon(hungriest,hungry,normal,superlative,'hungry-WN01216853'). adjective_in_lexicon(thirsty,thirsty,normal,positive,'thirsty-WN01217685'). adjective_in_lexicon(thirstier,thirsty,normal,comparative,'thirsty-WN01217685'). adjective_in_lexicon(thirstiest,thirst,normal,superlative,'thirsty-WN01217685'). adjective_in_lexicon(rich,rich,normal,positive,'richness-WN01950464'). adjective_in_lexicon(richer,rich,normal,comparative,'richness-WN01950464'). adjective_in_lexicon(richest,rich,normal,superlative,'richness-WN01950464'). adjective_in_lexicon(fast,fast,normal,positive,'speed-WN00212796'). adjective_in_lexicon(faster,fast,normal,comparative,'speed-WN00212796'). adjective_in_lexicon(fastest,fast,normal,superlative,'speed-WN00212796'). adjective_in_lexicon(expensive,expensive,normal,positive,'expensiveness-WN04009070'). adjective_in_lexicon([more,expensive],expensive,normal,comparative,'expensiveness-WN04009070'). adjective_in_lexicon([most,expensive],expensive,normal,superlative,'expensiveness-WN04009070'). adjective_in_lexicon(solid,solid,normal,positive,'Solid'). adjective_in_lexicon(liquid,liquid,normal,positive,'Liquid'). adjective_in_lexicon(gas,gas,normal,positive,'Gas'). adjective_in_lexicon(sweet,sweet,normal,positive,'Sweet'). adjective_in_lexicon(bitter,bitter,normal,positive,'Bitter'). adjective_in_lexicon(red,red,normal,positive,'Red'). adjective_in_lexicon(green,green,normal,positive,'Green'). adjective_in_lexicon(blue,blue,normal,positive,'Blue'). adjective_in_lexicon(yellow,yellow,normal,positive,'Yellow'). adjective_in_lexicon(open,open,normal,positive,'open-WN00037427'). adjective_in_lexicon(fillable,fillable,normal,positive,'Fillable'). adjective_in_lexicon(pliable,pliable,normal,positive,'Pliable'). adjective_in_lexicon(rigid,rigid,normal,positive,'Rigid'). adjective_in_lexicon(smooth,smooth,normal,positive,'Smooth'). adjective_in_lexicon(rough,rough,normal,positive,'Rough'). adjective_in_lexicon(dry,dry,normal,positive,'Dry'). adjective_in_lexicon(anhydrous,anhydrous,normal,positive,'Anhydrous'). adjective_in_lexicon(damp,damp,normal,positive,'Damp'). adjective_in_lexicon(wet,wet,normal,positive,'Wet'). adjective_in_lexicon(fragile,fragile,normal,positive,'Fragile'). adjective_in_lexicon(unbreakable,unbreakable,normal,positive,'Unbreakable'). adjective_in_lexicon(living,living,normal,positive,'Living'). adjective_in_lexicon(dead,unbreakable,normal,positive,'Dead'). adjective_in_lexicon(larval,larval,normal,positive,'Larval'). adjective_in_lexicon(embryonic,embryonic,normal,positive,'Embryonic'). adjective_in_lexicon(fetal,fetal,normal,positive,'Fetal'). adjective_in_lexicon(aggressive,aggressive,normal,positive,'Aggressive'). adjective_in_lexicon(docile,docile,normal,positive,'Docile'). adjective_in_lexicon(asleep,asleep,normal,positive,'Asleep'). adjective_in_lexicon(unconscious,unconscious,normal,positive,'Unconscious'). adjective_in_lexicon(awake,awake,normal,positive,'Awake'). % compound adjectives: adjective_in_lexicon([first,class],first_class,normal,positive,'first_class-WN03718753'). % two-place adjectives (take a prepositional complement, the preposition is included here) % Note: SUO_concept is a lambda expression for two-place adjectives. adjective_in_lexicon([identical,to],identical,two_place,ungraded,X^Y^[equal,X,Y]). adjective_in_lexicon([compatible,with],compatible_with,two_place,ungraded,X^Y^[compatible,X,Y]). adjective_in_lexicon([greater,than],greater_than,two_place,ungraded,X^Y^[greaterThan,X,Y]). adjective_in_lexicon([less,than],less_than,two_place,ungraded,X^Y^[lessThan,X,Y]). adjective_in_lexicon([different,from],different_from,two_place,ungraded,X^Y^[not,[equal,X,Y]]). % ungraded adjectives (note: use positive for the grade) adjective_in_lexicon(valid,valid,normal,positive,'validation-WN00099890'). adjective_in_lexicon(invalid,invalid,normal,positive,'incorrectness-WN03838242'). adjective_in_lexicon('Swiss','Swiss',normal,positive,'Germanism-WN00265812'). % change to 'Swiss' in Wordnet when available. % Notes on adjective entries: % 1. ACE does not allow 'that' as the preposition for % two-place adjectives, see p. 52 for explanation. %------------------------------- % Prepositions (Built into ACE) %------------------------------- % preposition_in_lexicon(Preposition,Modification_type,Noun_type,SUO_concept). % see P. 54, ACE manual for specs. Note that 'at', 'on', and 'in' can apply to % either locations or times and if the object noun is of type 'time' then the % temporal interpretation of the adverb is taken. % Noun_type is one of [person,time,object] % Modification_type is one of [location, origin, direction, time, start, end, duration, instrument, comitative] preposition_in_lexicon(at,location,object,'located'). % e.g., 'at the house' preposition_in_lexicon(on,location,object, % e.g., 'on the floor' Event^Object^[orientation,Event,Object,'On']). preposition_in_lexicon(in,location,object,'located'). % e.g., 'in the house' preposition_in_lexicon(to,location,object,'located'). % e.g., 'to the house' preposition_in_lexicon(to,location,time, 'EndFn'). % e.g., 'to the opening' (e.g., 'He waits to the opening.') like until. preposition_in_lexicon(at,time,time,'overlapsTemporally'). % e.g., 'at 9 AM' preposition_in_lexicon(on,time,time,'overlapsTemporally'). % e.g., 'on Monday' preposition_in_lexicon(in,time,time,'overlapsTemporally'). % e.g., 'in an hour' preposition_in_lexicon(for,direction,person,'destination'). % e.g., 'for John' preposition_in_lexicon(for,duration,time,'duration'). % e.g., 'for one hour' preposition_in_lexicon(from,origin,object,'origin'). % e.g., 'from the station' preposition_in_lexicon(from,start,time,'BeginFn'). % e.g., 'from noon' preposition_in_lexicon(into,direction,object,'located'). % e.g., 'into the office' preposition_in_lexicon(through,direction,object,'traverses'). % e.g., 'through the door' preposition_in_lexicon(through,duration,time,'overlapsTemporally'). % e.g., 'through Monday' preposition_in_lexicon(until,end,time,'EndFn'). % e.g., 'until Tuesday' preposition_in_lexicon(with,instrument,object,'instrument'). % e.g., 'with a key' preposition_in_lexicon(with,comitative,person, % e.g., 'with a policeman', Event^Person^[agent,Event,Person]). % in this case person is an additional agent of the event % Examples of additional prepositions added with 2-arg Lambda expressions for Event and Object % for additional adverbs taking an object of CELT type 'object'. preposition_in_lexicon(across,direction,object,Event^Object^[traverses,Event,Object]). preposition_in_lexicon(toward,location,object,Event^Object^[direction,Event,Object]). preposition_in_lexicon(inside,location,object,Event^Object^[exactlyLocated,Event,Object]). preposition_in_lexicon(outside,location,object,Event^Object^[not,[located,Event,Object]]). preposition_in_lexicon(within,location,object,Event^Object^[located,Event,Object]). preposition_in_lexicon(around,direction,object,Event^Object^[orientation,Event,Object,'Near']). preposition_in_lexicon(above,location,object,Event^Object^[orientation,Event,Object,'Above']). preposition_in_lexicon(over,location,object,Event^Object^[orientation,Event,Object,'Above']). preposition_in_lexicon(below,location,object,Event^Object^[orientation,Event,Object,'Below']). preposition_in_lexicon(under,location,object,Event^Object^[orientation,Event,Object,'Below']). preposition_in_lexicon(atop,location,object,Event^Object^[orientation,Event,Object,'On']). % Examples of additional prepositions added with 2-arg Lambda expressions for Event and Person % for additional adverbs taking an object of CELT type 'person'. preposition_in_lexicon(inside,direction,person,Event^Person^[direction,Event,Person]). preposition_in_lexicon(outside,direction,person,Event^Person^[direction,Event,Person]). preposition_in_lexicon(through,direction,person,Event^Person^[penetrates,Event,Person]). % Examples of additional prepositions added with 2-arg Lambda expressions for Event and Time % for additional adverbs taking an object of CELT type 'time'. preposition_in_lexicon(before,direction,time,Event^Time^[lessThan,[beginfn,Event],[beginfn,Time]]). preposition_in_lexicon(after,direction,time,Event^Time^[greaterThan,[endfn,Event],[endfn,Time]]). % Note: from...to is not yet handled, use from...until in the meantime as a workaround temporal_expression_in_lexicon(from,to,start,end,'start_time','end_time'). % e.g., 'from 10 to 12', must occur in from...to % special prepositions: 'of' and 'to' are built into grammatical rules for noun and verb modifiers, % so we do NOT need any additional entries for them like the following: % preposition_in_lexicon(of,noun_attribute). % special, only preposition that can be used as a noun modifier % preposition_in_lexicon(to,ditransitive_complement). % special, only preposition used with indirect objects in ACE % Notes on preposition lexicon entries: % 1. 'to' as modification type 'end' should % only occur in a 'from...to' prepositional phrase. % Currently this is not checked for to simplify the grammar. %------------------------------- % Query Verb Phrase Modifiers (Built into ACE) %------------------------------- % See page 61. % location query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon(where,[location],'located'). % Where does John work? % origin query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon([where,from],apart,[origin],'located'). % Where does the train arrive from? query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon([from,where],together,[origin],'located'). % From where does the train arrive? % direction query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon([where,to],apart,[direction],'located'). % Where does John insert the card into? query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon([where,into],apart,[direction],'located'). % Where does the machine move to? % time query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon(when,[time],'located'). % When does the train arrive? % start query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon([since,when],together,[start],'located'). % Since when does the employee work? % end query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon([until,when],together,[end],'located'). % Until when is the shop open? % duration query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon([how,long],together,[duration],'located'). % How long does the machine work? % frequency query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon([how,often],together,[frequency],'located'). % How often does the milkman come? % instrument query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon([with,what],together,[instrument],'located').% With what does John open the door? % manner query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon(how,[manner],'located'). % How does John insert the card? % comitative query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon([with,whom],together,[comitative],'located').% With whom does the employee enter the room? query_verb_phrase_modifier_in_lexicon([with,who],together,[comitative],'located'). % With who does the employee enter the room? %------------------------------- % Verbs (User Defined) %------------------------------- % verb_in_lexicon(Verb,Root,Transitivity,Number,Kind_of_verb,Event_or_state,SUO_concept,Synset_ID). % Kind_of_verb is one of [simple,compound,phrasal,prepositional]. % Event_or_state is one of [event,state] % Note: The copula verb 'be' is handled directly in the grammar rules and has no entry here. % Simple verbs: verb_in_lexicon(Verb,Root,Transitivity,Number,simple). % Compound verbs: verb_in_lexicon([Word1,Word2],Root,Transitivity,Number,compound). % Phrasal verbs: verb_in_lexicon([Verb,Prep],Root,Transitivity,Number,phrasal). % Prepositional verbs: verb_in_lexicon([Verb,Prep],Root,Transitivity,Number,prepositional). % simple verbs % ...intransitive % Intransitivity is a term that describes a verb or clause that is unable to take a direct object. verb_in_lexicon(stays,stay,[intransitive,no,no],singular,simple,state,'Motion',200078446). verb_in_lexicon(decomposes,decompose,[intransitive,no,no],singular,simple,event,'ChemicalDecomposition',200143411). verb_in_lexicon(turns,turn,[intransitive,no,no],singular,simple,event,'DirectionChange',2013101287). verb_in_lexicon(floats,float,[intransitive,no,no],singular,simple,event,'Floats',201298374). verb_in_lexicon(works,work,[intransitive,no,no],singular,simple,event,'Works',201643531). verb_in_lexicon(runs,run,[intransitive,no,no],singular,simple,event,'Runs',201314495). verb_in_lexicon(comes,come,[intransitive,no,no],singular,simple,event,'Comes',201262658). verb_in_lexicon(stop,stops,[intransitive,no,no],singular,simple,event,'Stops',201270990). verb_in_lexicon(move,moves,[intransitive,no,no],singular,simple,event,'Movement',201253107). % ...transitive % A transitive verb is a verb that takes a direct object. verb_in_lexicon(enters,enter,[no,transitive,no],singular,simple,event,'Movement',201376901). verb_in_lexicon(inserts,insert,[no,transitive,no],singular,simple,event,'Putting',200974668). verb_in_lexicon(uses,use,[no,transitive,no],singular,simple,event,'Applies',200788109). % Note: 'Applies' not in SUMO? verb_in_lexicon(beats,beat,[no,transitive,no],singular,simple,event,'Hits',200958408). % Note: 'Hits' not in SUMO? verb_in_lexicon(owns,own,[no,transitive,no],singular,simple,state,'possesses',201509295). % ...ditransitive % Ditransitivity is a term which describes a verb or clause which takes two objects. verb_in_lexicon(gives,give,[no,no,ditransitive],singular,simple,event,'Giving',201583087). verb_in_lexicon(puts,put,[no,no,ditransitive],singular,simple,event,'Putting',201026409). verb_in_lexicon(attaches,attach,[no,no,ditransitive],singular,simple,event,'Attaching',200885494). verb_in_lexicon(detaches,detach,[no,no,ditransitive],singular,simple,event,'Detaching',200887219). verb_in_lexicon(unties,untie,[no,no,ditransitive],singular,simple,event,'Untying',200877495). verb_in_lexicon(separates,sepate,[no,no,ditransitive],singular,simple,event,'Separating',201788872). verb_in_lexicon(combines,combine,[no,no,ditransitive],singular,simple,event,'Combining',200133085). % compound verbs verb_in_lexicon([dry,cleans],[dry,clean],[no,transitive,no],singular,compound,event,'Cleaning',201056234). % phrasal verbs (see P. 49) verb_in_lexicon([hands,out],[hand,out],[no,transitive,no],singular,phrasal,event,'Giving',201507640). verb_in_lexicon([fills,out],[fill,out],[no,transitive,no],singular,phrasal,event,'Writing',200690164). verb_in_lexicon([takes,off],[take,off],[no,transitive,no],singular,phrasal,event,'Removing',201095514). % prepositional verbs (see P.49) verb_in_lexicon([gives,to],[give,to],[no,no,ditransitive],singular,prepositional,event,'Giving',201505951). verb_in_lexicon([calls,for],[call,for],[no,transitive,no],singular,prepositional,event,'Communication',200510998). verb_in_lexicon([calls,on],[call,for],[no,transitive,no],singular,prepositional,event,'Communication',200539812). % Notes on verb lexicon entries: % 1. ACE only handles singular determiners and nouns at present, but % the plural form of nouns and verbs is required for future extensibility. % 2. Compound verbs always have two words (e.g., 'dry clean') in the % current implementation. %------------------------------- % Adverbs (User Defined) %------------------------------- % adverb_in_lexicon(Adverb,Modification_type,Sigma_Concept). % see P. 53 & p.56 ACE manual for specs. % Modification_type is one of ... % [location,origin,direction,time,start,end,duration,frequency,instrument,manner,comitative] % (see p. 57). % Notes on adverb lexicon entries: % 1. Many kinds of adverbs are disallowed % in ACE, e.g., adverbs of degree ('barely'), % see P. 54 for rationale. adverb_in_lexicon(underground,location,'underpass-WN03560180'). adverb_in_lexicon(forward,direction,'front-WN02724935'). adverb_in_lexicon(now,time,'present-WN04776839'). adverb_in_lexicon(permanently,duration,'permanence-WN03944434'). adverb_in_lexicon(daily,frequency,'daily-WN04738867'). %need to get other sense here, this one is for the daily news.. adverb_in_lexicon(correctly,manner,'correctness-WN03836923'). adverb_in_lexicon(manually,manner,'manual_labor-WN00410579'). adverb_in_lexicon(slowly,manner,'slowness-WN03951223'). adverb_in_lexicon(punctually,manner,'punctuality-WN03940380').