;; Created by: Karen Joy Nomorosa, Rearden Commerce ;; Description: This ontology contains suggestions for changes to anything related to ;; Music, as well as additional relationships as suggested by Wikipeda Infobox Templates ;; Access to and use of these products is governed by the GNU General Public ;; License . ;; By using these products, you agree to be bound by the terms ;; of the GPL. ;; We ask the people using or referencing this work cite our primary paper: ;; Niles, I., and Pease, A. 2001. Towards a Standard Upper Ontology. In ;; Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Ontology in ;; Information Systems (FOIS-2001), Chris Welty and Barry Smith, eds, ;; Ogunquit, Maine, October 17-19, 2001. See also http://www.ontologyportal.org ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Concepts Related to Music Industry ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (subclass RecordingStudio StationaryArtifact) (documentation RecordingStudio EnglishLanguage "A &%RecordingStudio is a &%StationaryArtifact, such as a &%Room or &%Building that has the necessary equipment to professionaly produce a &%Recording.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage RecordingStudio "recording studio") (=> (instance ?S RecordingStudio) (hasPurpose ?S (exists (?R ?P) (and (instance ?R Recording) (result ?P ?R) (eventLocated ?P ?S))))) (=> (instance ?S RecordingStudio) (exists (?D) (and (instance ?D Device) (hasPurpose ?D (exists (?R ?P) (and (instance ?R Recording) (instrument ?P ?D) (result ?P ?R)))) (located ?D ?S)))) (subclass Album List) (documentation Album EnglishLanguage "An &%Album is a &%List of &%Recordings that are packaged and sold as a unit.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage Album "album") (=> (instance ?L Album) (forall (?X) (=> (inList ?X ?L) (instance ?X Recording)))) (subclass Discography Collection) (documentation Discography EnglishLanguage "A &%Discography is the collection of all released &%MusicRecording of a &%Musician. This is different from something like a sessionography, which is a collection of all recording sessions, whether they have been released for sale or not.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage Discography "discography") (=> (instance ?D Discography) (exists (?M ?AC) (and (instance ?M CognitiveAgent) (attribute ?M ?AC) (instance ?AC Musician) (forall (?X) (=> (member ?X ?D) (exists (?I ?T ?R ?DS) (and (musician ?X ?M ?I) (releaseForSale (AlbumCopiesFn ?X ?DS) ?R ?T)))))))) ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Relationships Related to Music or Record ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; ***** RECORDING ****** (instance producedOn BinaryPredicate) (documentation producedOn EnglishLanguage "(&%producedOn ?R ?TP) refers to the date that a &%Recording was finalized into a final copy that is ready for release.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage producedOn "produced on") (domain producedOn 1 Recording) (domain producedOn 2 TimePoint) (=> (producedOn ?R ?D) (exists (?P) (and (instance ?P Process) (result ?P ?R) (equal ?D (WhenFn (EndFn ?P)))))) ; producedBy in Merge.kif (instance recordingLength BinaryPredicate) (documentation recordingLength EnglishLanguage "(&%recordingLength ?R ?T) indicates that playing the complete &%Recording ?R from start to finish lasts &%TimeDuration ?T.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage recordingLength "recording length") (domain recordingLength 1 Recording) (domain recordingLength 2 TimeDuration) ;; ;; Jennie 4th August 2022 ;; move ?L from consequent to antecedent and eliminated the second "(=>" (=> (and (recordingLength ?R ?T) (instance ?R AudioRecording) (instance ?L Listening) (patient ?L ?R)) (duration (WhenFn ?L) ?T)) (instance recordingCompany BinaryPredicate) (documentation recordingCompany EnglishLanguage "(&%recordingCompany ?R ?C) means that &%RecordCompany ?C is responsible for the distribution and production of &%Recording ?R.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage recordingCompany "recording company") (domain recordingCompany 1 Recording) (domain recordingCompany 2 Organization) ;; ***** MUSIC & MUSIC RECORDING ****** (subrelation composer creator) (documentation composer EnglishLanguage "(&%composer ?AGENT ?COMPOSITION) means that &%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT created &%MusicalComposition ?COMPOSITION") (termFormat EnglishLanguage composer "composer") (comment composer "Right now, &%composer is a &%subrelation of &%authors, but &%authors is related to a &%Text versus to a &%Proposition, so I'm changing it such that &%compsoer now is a &%subrelation of &%creator, so that it can work with &%MusicalComposition, which is now a &%subclass of &%Proposition. (09-14-2011)" "KJN") (domain composer 1 CognitiveAgent) (domain composer 2 MusicalComposition) (=> (composer ?A ?M) (exists (?C) (and (instance ?C Creation) (agent ?C ?A) (result ?C ?M)))) (subrelation lyricist creator) (instance lyricist BinaryPredicate) (documentation lyricist EnglishLanguage "(&%lyricist ?LC ?A) means that &%CognitiveAgent ?A is the person who created &%LyricalContent ?LC.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage lyricist "lyricist") (domain lyricist 1 LyricalContent) (domain lyricist 2 CognitiveAgent) (=> (lyricist ?LC ?A) (exists (?C) (and (agent ?C ?A) (result ?C ?LC)))) (instance musicInterpretation BinaryPredicate) (documentation musicInterpretation EnglishLanguage "(&%musicInterpretation ?MR ?MC) means that &%MusicRecording ?MR is a &%realization of &%Music ?MC") (termFormat EnglishLanguage musicInterpretation "music interpretation") (domain musicInterpretation 1 MusicRecording) (domain musicInterpretation 2 Music) (=> (musicInterpretation ?MR ?MC) (exists (?P) (and (instance ?P MakingMusic) (realization ?P ?MC) (record ?MR ?P)))) (instance musician TernaryPredicate) (documentation musician EnglishLanguage "(&%musician ?MR ?P ?I) means that &%Human ?P played some &%Process ?I as a &%Musician in &%MusicRecording ?MR") (termFormat EnglishLanguage musician "musician") (domain musician 1 MusicRecording) (domain musician 2 Human) (domainSubclass musician 3 MakingMusic) (=> (musician ?MR ?P ?R) (exists (?MM ?I) (and (instance ?MM ?R) (or (equal ?R (PlayingInstrumentFn ?I)) (equal ?R MakingVocalMusic)) (agent ?MM ?P) (result ?MM ?MR)))) (instance songArtist BinaryPredicate) (documentation songArtist EnglishLanguage "(&%songArtist ?MR ?A) means that &%CognitiveAgent ?A was the agent in recording &%MusicRecording ?MR") (termFormat EnglishLanguage songArtist "song artist") (domain songArtist 1 MusicRecording) (domain songArtist 2 CognitiveAgent) (=> (songArtist ?MR ?A) (exists (?M) (and (record ?MR ?M) (agent ?M ?A)))) (instance musicVideo BinaryPredicate) (documentation musicVideo EnglishLanguage "(&%musicVideo ?M ?V) means that &%VideoRecording ?V is a video recording that represents &%MusicRecording ?M.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage musicVideo "music video") (domain musicVideo 1 MusicRecording) (domain musicVideo 2 VideoRecording) (=> (musicVideo ?M ?V) (part ?M ?V)) (instance discography BinaryPredicate) (documentation discography EnglishLanguage "(&%discography ?A ?D) means that &%CognitiveAgent ?A has &%Discography ?D") (termFormat EnglishLanguage discography "discography") (domain discography 1 CognitiveAgent) (domain discography 2 Discography) (=> (discography ?A ?D) (forall (?X) (=> (member ?X ?D) (exists (?I) (musician ?X ?A ?I))))) ;; ***** ALBUMS ****** (instance albumRelease BinaryPredicate) (documentation albumRelease EnglishLanguage "(&%albumRelease ?A ?T) means that by &%TimePoint ?T, (&%AlbumCopiesFn ?A ?DS) was &%releaseForSale in some location. ") (termFormat EnglishLanguage albumRelease "album release") (domain albumRelease 1 Album) (domain albumRelease 2 TimePoint) (=> (albumRelease ?A ?T) (and (exists (?R1 ?DS1) (releaseForSale (AlbumCopiesFn ?A ?DS1) ?R1 ?T)) (not (exists (?B ?R2 ?DS2) (and (before ?B ?T) (releaseForSale (AlbumCopiesFn ?A ?DS2) ?R2 ?B)))))) (instance albumArtist BinaryPredicate) (documentation albumArtist EnglishLanguage "(&%albumArtist ?A ?P) means that &%Album ?A features &%CognitiveAgent ?P as one of its main contributors") (termFormat EnglishLanguage albumArtist "album artist") (domain albumArtist 1 Album) (domain albumArtist 2 CognitiveAgent) (=> (albumArtist ?A ?P) (exists (?R ?M) (and (instance ?R Recording) (inList ?R ?A) (record ?R ?M) (agent ?M ?P)))) (instance albumType BinaryPredicate) (documentation albumType EnglishLanguage "(&%albumType ?A ?ATTR) means that &%RecordingAttribute ?ATTR describes the contents of &%Album ?A") (termFormat EnglishLanguage albumType "album type") (domain albumType 1 Album) (domain albumType 2 RelationalAttribute) (=> (and (instance ?ATTR AlbumAttribute) (albumType ?A ?ATTR)) (attribute ?A ?ATTR)) (instance albumCoverImage BinaryPredicate) (documentation albumCoverImage EnglishLanguage "(&%albumCoverImage ?A ?I) means that &%Album ?A is represented by &%Image ?I. When a &%DataStorageDevice containing &%Album ?A, its container would normally have the image on its front.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage albumCoverImage "album cover") (domain albumCoverImage 1 Album) (domain albumCoverImage 2 Image) (=> (albumCoverImage ?A ?I) (represents ?I ?A)) (=> (and (albumCoverImage ?A ?I) (instance ?CD (AlbumCopiesFn ?A ?DS)) (contains ?C ?CD)) (modalAttribute (part ?I (FrontFn ?C)) Likely)) (instance albumLength BinaryPredicate) (documentation albumLength EnglishLanguage "(&%albumLength ?A ?T) means that &%TimeDuration ?T is the time it takes to view / listen to all &%Recording in &%Album ?A") (termFormat EnglishLanguage albumLength "album length") (domain albumLength 1 Album) (domain albumLength 2 TimeDuration) (subrelation albumTrack inList) (instance albumTrack BinaryPredicate) (documentation albumTrack EnglishLanguage "(&%albumTrack ?A ?T) means that &%Recording ?T is part of &%Album ?A") (termFormat EnglishLanguage albumTrack "album track") (domain albumTrack 1 Recording) (domain albumTrack 2 Album) (subrelation musicGenre attribute) (instance musicGenre BinaryPredicate) (documentation musicGenre EnglishLanguage "(&%musicGenre ?MR ?ATTR) relates the &%MusicGenre ?ATTR to the &%MusicRecording ?MR") (termFormat EnglishLanguage musicGenre "music genre") ;; ***** ANTHEM ****** (subrelation anthem represents) (documentation anthem EnglishLanguage "(&%anthem ?M ?O) means that &%Music ?M is adopted as a song that represents &%Object ?O. This is most commonly used for &%Nations and royal families.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage anthem "anthem") (instance anthem BinaryPredicate) (domain anthem 1 Music) (domain anthem 2 Object) ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Attributes ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (subclass RecordingAttribute RelationalAttribute) (documentation RecordingAttribute EnglishLanguage "&%RecordingAttribute refers to &%RelationalAttributes that describe the conditions that a &%Recording was recorded under.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage RecordingAttribute "recording attribute") (=> (attribute ?M RecordingAttribute) (instance ?M Recording)) (instance LiveRecording RecordingAttribute) (documentation LiveRecording EnglishLanguage "&%LiveRecording refers to a &%MusicRecording that was captured directly from a &%Performance") (termFormat EnglishLanguage LiveRecording "live recording") (=> (and (attribute ?M LiveRecording) (instance ?M Recording)) (exists (?P) (and (instance ?P Performance) (record ?M ?P)))) (instance StudioRecording RecordingAttribute) (documentation StudioRecording EnglishLanguage "&%StudioRecording refers to a &%MusicRecording that was captured from sessions in a recording studio.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage StudioRecording "studio recording") (=> (and (attribute ?M StudioRecording) (instance ?M Recording)) (exists (?P ?S) (and (record ?M ?P) (eventLocated ?P ?S) (instance ?S RecordingStudio)))) (instance DemoRecording RecordingAttribute) (documentation DemoRecording EnglishLanguage "A &%DemoRecording refers to a &%Recording that is meant to be for a smaller group of people and is not meant for release or distribution to the public") (termFormat EnglishLanguage DemoRecording "demo recording") (=> (and (attribute ?M DemoRecording) (instance ?M Recording)) (hasPurpose ?M (exists (?D ?G ?MUSIC) (and (instance ?D Demonstrating) (record ?M ?MUSIC) (patient ?D ?MUSIC) (destination ?D ?G) (instance ?G GroupOfPeople))))) (instance MashupRecording RecordingAttribute) (documentation MashupRecording EnglishLanguage "A &%MashupRecording refers to a &%Recording that consists of two or more songs made into one song.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage MashupRecording "mashup") (=> (and (attribute ?M MashupRecording) (instance ?M Recording)) (exists (?M1 ?M2 ?S1 ?S2) (and (musicInterpretation ?M1 ?S1) (musicInterpretation ?M2 ?S2) (not (equal ?S1 ?S2)) (part ?M1 ?M) (part ?M2 ?M)))) (instance RemixRecording RecordingAttribute) (documentation RemixRecording EnglishLanguage "A &%RemixRecording refers to a &%Recording that has an original &%Recording that was somehow altered by some &%CognitiveAgent while still being able to recognize the original.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage RemixRecording "remix recording") (=> (and (attribute ?M RemixRecording) (instance ?M MusicRecording)) (exists (?O ?A) (equal ?M (RemixFn ?O ?A)))) (instance CoverRecording RecordingAttribute) (documentation CoverRecording EnglishLanguage "A &%CoverRecording refers to a &%MusicRecording whose &%Music was recorded and released by somebody else before the artist of the current recording.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage CoverRecording "cover recording") (=> (and (attribute ?MR CoverRecording) (instance ?MR MusicRecording) (songArtist ?MR ?A) (musicInterpretation ?MR ?M) (record ?MR ?MM)) (exists (?ORIG ?ARTIST ?MUSIC) (and (musicInterpretation ?ORIG ?M) (songArtist ?ORIG ?ARTIST) (not (equal ?A ?ARTIST)) (record ?ORIG ?MUSIC) (before (WhenFn ?MUSIC) (WhenFn ?MM))))) (subclass AlbumAttribute RelationalAttribute) (documentation AlbumAttribute EnglishLanguage "&%AlbumAttribute is used to describe the contents of an &%Album") (termFormat EnglishLanguage AlbumAttribute "album attribute") (=> (and (attribute ?A ?ATTR) (instance ?ATTR AlbumAttribute)) (instance ?A Album)) (instance CompilationAlbum AlbumAttribute) (documentation CompilationAlbum EnglishLanguage "&%CompilationAlbum is used to describe an &%Album who has more than one &%albumArtist (i.e. there exists two different artists that contributed 2 different &%Recording to the album.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage CompilationAlbum "compilation album") (=> (attribute ?A CompilationAlbum) (exists (?A1 ?A2) (and (albumArtist ?A ?A1) (albumArtist ?A ?A2) (not (equal ?A1 ?A2))))) ;; --------------- MUSIC GENRE ----------------------------------------- (subclass MusicGenre RelationalAttribute) (documentation MusicGenre EnglishLanguage "&%MusicGenre is a categorical construct that identifies musical sound as belonging to a particular category that can be distinguished from other types of music. They are attributes instead of subclasses of &%Music as the classification of a song to a particular genre is oftentimes arbitrary, as well as the fact that there are very closely related genres that oftentime overlap. It is applied to a &%MusicRecording instead of &%Music as a piece of &%Music can be reinterpreted as a different genre by different artists.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage MusicGenre "music genre") (=> (and (instance ?ATTR MusicGenre) (attribute ?A ?ATTR)) (or (instance ?A MakingMusic) (instance ?A MusicRecording))) (instance Acapella MusicGenre) (documentation Acapella EnglishLanguage "&%Acapella describes the &%MusicGenre that does not have any instrumental backing.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage Acapella "acapella") (=> (and (musicGenre ?MR Acapella) (record ?MR ?MM)) (not (exists (?MI) (and (instance ?MI MakingInstrumentalMusic) (subProcess ?MI ?MM))))) (instance AcidHouse MusicGenre) (documentation AcidHouse EnglishLanguage "&%AcidHouse is a music style that originated in Detroit and Chicago, coming through Ibiza to Britain.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage AcidHouse "acid house") (instance AcidJazz MusicGenre) (documentation AcidJazz EnglishLanguage "&%AcidJazz is a music style that combines &%JazzMusic, &%FunkMusic and &%HipHopMusic.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage AcidJazz "acid jazz") (relatedInternalConcept AcidJazz JazzMusic) (relatedInternalConcept AcidJazz FunkMusic) (relatedInternalConcept AcidJazz HipHopMusic) (instance AcidRock MusicGenre) (documentation AcidRock EnglishLanguage "&%AcidRock is a music style that is a form of psychedelic rock, characterized by long instrumental solos, few if any, lyrics, and musical improvisation.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage AcidRock "acid rock") (instance AcousticMusic MusicGenre) (documentation AcousticMusic EnglishLanguage "&%AcousticMusic is a music genre style that solely uses instruments which produce sound through entirely acoustic means as opposed to electric means") (termFormat EnglishLanguage AcousticMusic "acoustic") (=> (and (musicGenre ?MR AcousticMusic) (record ?MR ?MM)) (not (exists (?I ?ED) (and (instance ?I MusicalInstrument) (instrument ?MM ?I) (instance ?ED ElectricDevice) (part ?ED ?I))))) (instance AlternativeCountry MusicGenre) (documentation AlternativeCountry EnglishLanguage "&%AlternativeCountry is a music style that was a reaction against the 1990s highly-polished Nashville Sound") (termFormat EnglishLanguage AlternativeCountry "alternative country") (relatedInternalConcept AlternativeCountry CountryMusic) (instance AlternativeDance MusicGenre) (documentation AlternativeDance EnglishLanguage "&%AlternativeDance is a music style that combines elements of dance-pop (or other forms of electronic house or techno) and alternative rock genres such as indie rock.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage AlternativeDance "alternative dance") (relatedInternalConcept AlternativeDance AlternativeRock) (relatedInternalConcept AlternativeDance PopMusic) (instance AlternativeRock MusicGenre) (documentation AlternativeRock EnglishLanguage "broad movement born in the 1980s generally relegated to the underground music scene and operating outsoide of the mainstream.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage AlternativeRock "alternative rock") (instance Ballad MusicGenre) (documentation Ballad EnglishLanguage "&%Ballad is a generic term used for slow, romantic, despairing and catastrophic songs.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage Ballad "ballad") (instance Bebop MusicGenre) (documentation Bebop EnglishLanguage "&%Bebop is a 1940's jazz style with complex improvisation and a fast tempo.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage Bebop "bebop") (relatedInternalConcept Bebop JazzMusic) (instance BigBandMusic MusicGenre) (documentation BigBandMusic EnglishLanguage "&%BigBandMusic refers to music by large orchestras that play a form of swing music.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage BigBandMusic "big band music") (instance Bluegrass MusicGenre) (documentation Bluegrass EnglishLanguage "&%Bluegrass is American country music mixed with Irish and Scottish influences.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage Bluegrass "bluegrass") (relatedInternalConcept Bluegrass CountryMusic) (instance BluesMusic MusicGenre) (documentation BluesMusic EnglishLanguage "&%BluesMusic is African-American music that originated in the Mississippi delta.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage BluesMusic "blues") (instance ChamberMusic MusicGenre) (documentation ChamberMusic EnglishLanguage "&%ChamberMusic is a genre of music based around small, acoustic-based ensembles where group interplay is important.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage ChamberMusic "chamber music") (relatedInternalConcept ChamberMusic AcousticMusic) (instance ChristmasMusic MusicGenre) (documentation ChristmasMusic EnglishLanguage "&%ChristmasMusic is composed of music that is normally performed or heard around the &%Christmas season.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage ChristmasMusic "christmas music") (instance ReligiousMusic MusicGenre) (documentation ReligiousMusic EnglishLanguage "&%ReligiousMusic is a type of music that has been written to express either personal or communal belief about a religion.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage ReligiousMusic "religious music") (=> (musicGenre ?MR ReligiousMusic) (exists (?ATTR ?X) (and (instance ?ATTR ReligiousAttribute) (attribute ?X ?ATTR) (refers ?MR ?X)))) (subAttribute ChristianMusic ReligiousMusic) (documentation ChristianMusic EnglishLanguage "&%ChristianMusic is a type of music that has been written to express either personal or communal belief regarding Christian life and faith.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage ChristianMusic "christian music") (=> (musicGenre ?MR ChristianMusic) (exists (?X) (and (attribute ?X Christian) (refers ?MR ?X)))) (instance ClassicalMusic MusicGenre) (documentation ClassicalMusic EnglishLanguage "&%ClassicalMusic is a type of music that is produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and secular music, encompassing a broad period from roughly the 11th century to present times. The centra norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common practice period.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage ClassicalMusic "classical music") (instance CountryMusic MusicGenre) (documentation CountryMusic EnglishLanguage "&%CountryMusic is a popular American music style that began in the southern part of the US.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage CountryMusic "country music") (subAttribute ElectronicDanceMusic ElectronicMusic) (documentation ElectronicDanceMusic EnglishLanguage "&%ElectronicDanceMusic is a type of music that is produced primarily for the purposes of use within a nightclub setting, or in an environment that is centered upon dance-based entertainment.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage ElectronicDanceMusic "electronic dance music") (=> (musicGenre ?MR ElectronicDanceMusic) (hasPurpose ?MR (exists (?NC ?MM) (and (instance ?NC NightClub) (instance ?MM MakingMusic) (patient ?MM ?MR) (eventLocated ?MM ?NC))))) (instance ElectronicMusic MusicGenre) (documentation ElectronicMusic EnglishLanguage "&%ElectronicMusic is a type of music that is produced using electronic musical instruments and electronic music technology in its production.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage ElectronicMusic "electronic music") (=> (musicGenre ?MR ElectronicMusic) (exists (?DV ?MM) (and (instance ?DV ElectricDevice) (record ?MR ?MM) (instrument ?MM ?DV)))) (instance EmoMusic MusicGenre) (documentation EmoMusic EnglishLanguage "&%EmoMusic describes a style of &%RockMusic characterized by melodic musicianship and expressive, often confessional lyrics. It has then shifted and changed to blend pop punk and indie rock.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage EmoMusic "emo") (instance FolkMusic MusicGenre) (documentation FolkMusic EnglishLanguage "&%FolkMusic describes both traditional and contemporary folk music. Folk music normally refers to the culture of a particular region, sometimes commemorating personal and historical events.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage FolkMusic "folk music") (instance FunkMusic MusicGenre) (documentation FunkMusic EnglishLanguage "&%FunkMusic is a type of music that originated in the mid-late 1960s when African American musicians blended soul music, jazz and R&B into rhythmic, danceable new form of music.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage FunkMusic "funk music") (instance HeavyMetal MusicGenre) (documentation HeavyMetal EnglishLanguage "&%HeavyMetal is a type of &%RockMusic that is characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are generally associated with masculinity and machismo.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage HeavyMetal "heavy metal") (instance HipHopMusic MusicGenre) (documentation HipHopMusic EnglishLanguage "&%HipHopMusic is a type of music that includes rhythmic and rhythmic speech that is chanted to musical accompaniment.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage HipHopMusic "hip hop music") (=> (attribute ?MR HipHopMusic) (modalAttribute (exists (?MM ?S) (and (record ?MR ?MM) (instance ?S Speaking) (subProcess ?S ?MM))) Likely)) (instance IndieMusic MusicGenre) (documentation IndieMusic EnglishLanguage "&%IndieMusic refers to the type of music that was created without the help of commercial record labels.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage IndieMusic "indie music") (=> (attribute ?MR IndieMusic) (modalAttribute (not (exists (?R) (recordingCompany ?MR ?R))) Likely)) (instance JazzMusic MusicGenre) (documentation JazzMusic EnglishLanguage "&%JazzMusic refers to a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. Its West African pedigree is evident in its use of blue notes, improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation and the swung note.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage JazzMusic "jazz music") (instance NewAgeMusic MusicGenre) (documentation NewAgeMusic EnglishLanguage "&%NewAgeMusic refers to music of various styles intended to create artistic inspiration, relaxation and optimism. It is used by listeners for yoga, massage, meditation and reading as a method of stress management, or to create a peaceful atmosphere in their home or other environments, and is often associated with environmentalism and New Age spirituality.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage NewAgeMusic "new age music") (instance NewWaveMusic MusicGenre) (documentation NewWaveMusic EnglishLanguage "&%NewWaveMusic is a subgenre of &%RockMusic that emerged in the late 1970s alongside punk rock.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage NewWaveMusic "new wave") (instance PopMusic MusicGenre) (documentation PopMusic EnglishLanguage "&%PopMusic is usually understood to be commercially- recorded music, often oriented towards a youth market, usually consisting of relatively short, simple songs utilizing technological innovations to produce new variations on existing themes. It is normally considered a softer alternative to &%RockMusic.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PopMusic "pop music") (instance PunkRockMusic MusicGenre) (documentation PunkRockMusic EnglishLanguage "&%PunkRockMusic is a &%RockMusic genre that developed between 1974 and 1976 in the US, the UK and Australia. Punk rock bands eschewed perceived excesses of maintream 1970s rock. Punk bands created fast, hard-edged music, typically with short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage PunkRockMusic "punk rock") (instance ReggaeMusic MusicGenre) (documentation ReggaeMusic EnglishLanguage "&%ReggaeMusic is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. ") (termFormat EnglishLanguage ReggaeMusic "reggae music") (instance RockMusic MusicGenre) (documentation RockMusic EnglishLanguage "&%RockMusic is a genre of &%PopMusic that developed during and after the 1960s, particularly in the UK and the US. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage RockMusic "rock music") (instance RockAndRollMusic MusicGenre) (documentation RockAndRollMusic EnglishLanguage "&%RockAndRollMusic is a genre of &%PopMusic that originated and evolved in the UnitedStates during the late 1940s and 1950s, primarily from a combination of the blues, country music, jazz and gospel music.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage RockAndRollMusic "rock and roll music") (instance RhythmAndBluesMusic MusicGenre) (documentation RhythmAndBluesMusic EnglishLanguage "&%RhythmAndBluesMusic is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African- Americans, at a time when urbane, rocking, jazz-based music with a heavy, insistent beat was becoming more popular.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage RhythmAndBluesMusic "rhythm and blues") (instance ShowTune MusicGenre) (documentation ShowTune EnglishLanguage "&%ShowTune is a song that is originally written as part of the score of a show or stage musical or musical movie.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage ShowTune "show tune") (instance SkaMusic MusicGenre) (documentation SkaMusic EnglishLanguage "&%SkaMusic is a music genre that originated in &%Jamaica in the late 1950s, and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggage. It combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage SkaMusic "ska music") ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Functions ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (documentation PlayingInstrumentFn EnglishLanguage "(PlayingInstrumentFn ?INSTRUMENT) denotes the class of events in which a musical instrument of type ?INSTRUMENT is played.") (comment PlayingInstrumentFn "This was taken from Biography.kif and moved to Music.kif. 09-28-2011" "KJN") (domainSubclass PlayingInstrumentFn 1 Device) (instance PlayingInstrumentFn UnaryFunction) (rangeSubclass PlayingInstrumentFn MakingInstrumentalMusic) (=> (instance ?PROC (PlayingInstrumentFn ?INST)) (exists (?I) (and (instance ?I ?INST) (instrument ?PROC ?I)))) (instance MusicalInterpretationFn TernaryFunction) (documentation MusicalInterpretationFn EnglishLanguage "The function (&%MusicalInterpretationFn ?A ?M ?T) returns an &%instance of &%MakingMusic that refers to a particular instance of &%MakingMusic by &%CognitiveAgent ?A of the &%realization of &%Music ?M during &%TimeInterval ?T.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage MusicalInterpretationFn "musical interpretation") (domain MusicalInterpretationFn 1 CognitiveAgent) (domain MusicalInterpretationFn 2 Music) (domain MusicalInterpretationFn 3 TimeInterval) (range MusicalInterpretationFn MakingMusic) (=> (equal ?MM (MusicalInterpretationFn ?A ?M ?T)) (and (realization ?MM ?M) (equal ?T (WhenFn ?MM)) (agent ?MM ?A))) (instance SongFn BinaryFunction) (documentation SongFn EnglishLanguage "The function (&%SongFn ?MC ?LC) returns an &%instance of &%Song that refers to the conception of a song that has &%MusicalComposition ?MC and &%LyricalContent ?LC.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage SongFn "song function") (domain SongFn 1 MusicalComposition) (domain SongFn 2 LyricalContent) (range SongFn Song) (=> (and (equal ?S (SongFn ?MC ?LC)) (realization ?S ?MUSIC)) (exists (?MM ?MV) (and (patient ?MM ?MC) (patient ?MV ?LC) (subProcess ?MM ?MUSIC) (subProcess ?MV ?MUSIC)))) (instance RemixFn BinaryFunction) (documentation RemixFn EnglishLanguage "The function (&%RemixFn ?M ?A) returns a &%MusicRecording instance where an &%CognitiveAgent ?A does something to a &%MusicRecording ?M that alters its arrangement, beat, tempo, etc, but still makes ?M recognizable to those listening to it.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage RemixFn "remix function") (domain RemixFn 1 MusicRecording) (domain RemixFn 2 CognitiveAgent) (range RemixFn MusicRecording) (=> (equal ?S (RemixFn ?M ?A)) (exists (?P) (and (instance ?P IntentionalProcess) (patient ?P ?M) (agent ?P ?A) (result ?P ?S) (not (equal ?S ?M)) (not (copy ?S ?M))))) (instance MusicalComponentFn UnaryFunction) (documentation MusicalComponentFn EnglishLanguage "The function (&%MusicalComponentFn ?S) returns the instance of the &%MusicalComposition component of the &%Song ?S") (termFormat EnglishLanguage MusicalComponentFn "musical composition function") (domain MusicalComponentFn 1 Song) (range MusicalComponentFn MusicalComposition) (=> (equal ?M (MusicalComponentFn ?S)) (subProposition ?M ?S)) (instance LyricalComponentFn UnaryFunction) (documentation LyricalComponentFn EnglishLanguage "The function (&%LyricalComponentFn ?S) returns the instance of the &%LyricalContent component of the &%Song ?S") (termFormat EnglishLanguage LyricalComponentFn "lyrical component function") (domain LyricalComponentFn 1 Song) (range LyricalComponentFn LyricalContent) (=> (equal ?L (LyricalComponentFn ?S)) (subProposition ?L ?S)) (instance AlbumCopiesFn BinaryFunction) (documentation AlbumCopiesFn EnglishLanguage "The function (&%AlbumCopiesFn ?A ?DS) returns a subclass of all &%DataStorageDevice ?DS that contains all &%Recording in &%Album ?A.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage AlbumCopiesFn "album copies function") (domain AlbumCopiesFn 1 Album) (domainSubclass AlbumCopiesFn 2 DataStorageDevice) (rangeSubclass AlbumCopiesFn DataStorageDevice) ;; ;; Jennie 4th August 2022 ;; changed (stored ?C ?D) to (store ?S ?X) as the second argument for store calls for an instance but ?D is a class (=> (and (equal ?D (AlbumCopiesFn ?A ?DS)) (instance ?X ?D)) (forall (?S) (=> (inList ?S ?A) (exists (?C) (and (copy ?C ?S) (stored ?C ?X)))))) (instance NationalAnthemFn UnaryFunction) (documentation NationalAnthemFn EnglishLanguage "The function (&%NationalAnthemFn ?N) returns the instance of &%Music that is considered as the national anthem of a particular &%Nation ?N") (termFormat EnglishLanguage NationalAnthemFn "national anthem") (domain NationalAnthemFn 1 Nation) (range NationalAnthemFn Music) (=> (equal ?M (NationalAnthemFn ?N)) (anthem ?M ?N)) ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Music Group ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (subclass MarchingBand MusicalGroup) (subclass MarchingBand Organization) (documentation MarchingBand EnglishLanguage "&%MarchingBand refers to a group of instrumental musicians perform outdoors and incorporate some type of marching with their musical performance.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage MarchingBand "marching band") (comment MarchingBand "Subclassing it from &%Organization as well so that relations associated to &%Organization can be used to describe it, such as &%subOrganization for the educational institution it represents, or when it was founded using &%yearOfFounding, who its director is, etc. 09-28-2011" "KJN") (=> (instance ?GRP MarchingBand) (exists (?P) (and (hasSkill MakingInstrumentalMusic ?P) (member ?P ?GRP)))) ;; ;; Jennie 4th August 2022 ;; moved ?OD to antecedent (=> (and (instance ?GRP MarchingBand) (instance ?MP MusicalPerformance) (agent ?MP ?GRP) (instance ?OD Outdoors) (eventLocated ?MP ?OD)) (exists (?AMB) (and (instance ?AMB Ambulating) (subProcess ?AMB ?MP)))) ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Music Events ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (subclass MusicContest Contest) (documentation MusicContest EnglishLanguage "&%MusicContest is a type of &%Contest where some &%Judging is made on a &%MakingMusic instance.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage MusicContest "music contest") (=> (instance ?CONTEST MusicContest) (exists (?J) (and (instance ?J Judging) (forall (?A) (=> (contestParticipant ?CONTEST ?A) (exists (?MM) (and (agent ?MM ?A) (instance ?MM MakingMusic) (subProcess ?MM ?CONTEST) (patient ?J ?MM)))))))) (subclass SingingContest MusicContest) (documentation SingingContest EnglishLanguage "&%SingingContest is a type of &%MusicContest where &%Judging is made on people who are &%Singing.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage SingingContest "singing contest") (=> (instance ?CONTEST SingingContest) (exists (?J) (and (instance ?J Judging) (forall (?A) (=> (contestParticipant ?CONTEST ?A) (exists (?MV) (and (agent ?MV ?A) (instance ?MV Singing) (subProcess ?MV ?CONTEST) (patient ?J ?MV)))))))) (instance ContestFn BinaryFunction) (documentation ContestFn EnglishLanguage "(&%ContestFn ?CONTEST ?TI) is a &%BinaryFunction that returns an &%instance of &%Contest that occured during &%TimePoint ?TI") (termFormat EnglishLanguage ContestFn "contest function") (domainSubclass ContestFn 1 Contest) (domain ContestFn 2 TimePoint) (range ContestFn Contest) (=> (equal ?C (ContestFn ?CONTEST ?TI)) (and (instance ?C ?CONTEST) (during (WhenFn ?C) ?TI))) (instance contestOrganizer BinaryPredicate) (documentation contestOrganizer EnglishLanguage "(&%contestOrganizer ?CONTEST ?ORG) means that &%CognitiveAgent ?ORG is responsible for managing and organizer &%Contest ?CONTEST") (termFormat EnglishLanguage contestOrganizer "contest organizer") (domain contestOrganizer 1 Contest) (domain contestOrganizer 2 CognitiveAgent) (=> (contestOrganizer ?CONTEST ?A) (managedBy ?CONTEST ?A)) (instance contestEntry TernaryPredicate) (documentation contestEntry EnglishLanguage "(&%contestEntry ?OBJ ?AGENT ?CONTEST) is used for contests where what is being judged is not the person or his performance of a specific process but whatever he produced. The relation describes how &%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT entered &%Entity ?OBJ in &%Contest ?CONTEST.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage contestEntry "contest entry") (comment contestEntry "&%Entity is used instead of &%Object as there are music contest, for instance, where it's the &%MusicalComposition or &%LyricalContent (which are &%Proposition) that is being judged. 09-30-2011" "KJN") (domain contestEntry 1 Entity) (domain contestEntry 2 CognitiveAgent) (domain contestEntry 3 Contest) (=> (contestEntry ?ENT ?AGENT ?CONT) (exists (?P ?J) (and (instance ?P IntentionalProcess) (agent ?P ?AGENT) (result ?P ?ENT) (instance ?J Judging) (patient ?J ?ENT)))) (instance contestParticipantRepresentation TernaryPredicate) (documentation contestParticipantRepresentation EnglishLanguage "(&%contestParticipantRepresentation ?CONT ?AGENT ?OBJ) means that in &%Contest ?CONT, &%CognitiveAgent ?AGENT is entered as a representative of &%Object ?OBJ") (termFormat EnglishLanguage contestParticipantRepresentation "contest representation") (comment contestParticipantRepresentation "This is an additional relation to &%contestParticipant for those contests where representation is important, such as the &%Olympics. It has to be tied to the contest as there are instances when somebody may be a citizen or national of one country, for instance, but represent some other country is some other contest. 09-30-2011" "KJN") (domain contestParticipantRepresentation 1 Contest) (domain contestParticipantRepresentation 2 CognitiveAgent) (domain contestParticipantRepresentation 3 Object) (=> (contestParticipantRepresentation ?CONT ?AGENT ?OBJ) (holdsDuring (WhenFn ?CONT) (represents ?AGENT ?OBJ))) ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Music Charts ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (subclass MusicChart List) (documentation MusicChart EnglishLanguage "&%MusicChart is a ranked list of &%Album or &%MusicRecording that is deemed the most popular by some criteria, such as the number of sales or the airplay it receives from radio stations, and the like.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage MusicChart "music charts") (=> (instance ?X MusicChart) (exists (?P ?OBJ) (and (instance ?P Selecting) (result ?P (inList ?OBJ ?X))))) (subclass SinglesChart MusicChart) (documentation SinglesChart EnglishLanguage "&%SinglesChart is a type of &%MusicChart for particular &%MusicRecording.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage SinglesChart "singles chart") (=> (instance ?X SinglesChart) (exists (?MR) (and (instance ?MR MusicRecording) (inList ?MR ?X)))) (subclass AlbumChart MusicChart) (documentation AlbumChart EnglishLanguage "&%AlbumChart is a type of &%MusicChart for particular &%Album.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage AlbumChart "album chart") (=> (instance ?X AlbumChart) (exists (?A) (and (instance ?A Album) (inList ?A ?X)))) (instance musicChartBy BinaryPredicate) (documentation musicChartBy EnglishLanguage "(&%musicChartBy ?CHART ?A) means that &%CognitiveAgent ?A was responsible for the process of deciding which objects are included in &%MusicChart ?CHART.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage musicChartBy "music chart by") (domainSubclass musicChartBy 1 MusicChart) (domain musicChartBy 2 CognitiveAgent) (=> (musicChartBy ?CHART ?AGENT) (exists (?P ?C) (and (instance ?C ?CHART) (instance ?P IntentionalProcess) (agent ?P ?AGENT) (result ?P ?C)))) (instance musicChartPeriod BinaryPredicate) (documentation musicChartPeriod EnglishLanguage "(&%musicChartPeriod ?CHART ?TIME) means that the the &%MusicChart ?CHART was analyzed using information from &%TimeInterval ?TIME") (termFormat EnglishLanguage musicChartPeriod "music chart period") (domain musicChartPeriod 1 MusicChart) (domain musicChartPeriod 2 TimeInterval) ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Music Instruments ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (subclass StringInstrument MusicalInstrument) (documentation StringInstrument EnglishLanguage "A &%StringInstrument is a type of &%MusicalInstrument that is played by striking strings, either directly as with a guitar, or indirectly with a bow or via keys as with pianos.") (=> (instance ?MI StringInstrument) (exists (?S) (and (instance ?S String) (part ?S ?MI)))) (subclass WindInstrument MusicalInstrument) (documentation WindInstrument EnglishLanguage "A &%WindInstrument is a type of &%MusicalInstrument that is played by blowing on it and which uses a reed, or resonator hole as in the case of a flute.") (=> (and (instance ?WI WindInstrument) (instance ?M MakingInstrumentalMusic) (agent ?M ?A) (instrument ?M ?WI)) (exists (?B) (and (instance ?B Exhaling) (agent ?B ?A) (subProcess ?B ?M)))) (subclass HornInstrument MusicalInstrument) (documentation HornInstrument EnglishLanguage "A &%HornInstrument is a type of &%MusicalInstrument which is played by blowing it. It uses lip vibration to generate sound and control part of the pitch generation process as well.") (subclass PercussionInstrument MusicalInstrument) (documentation PercussionInstrument EnglishLanguage "A &%PercussionInstrument is a type of &%MusicalInstrument which does not have strings and which is played by striking it.") (subclass Violin StringInstrument) (documentation Violin EnglishLanguage "A &%StringInstrument that has four strings, a hollow body, and is played on the shoulder with a bow.") (subclass Piano StringInstrument) (documentation Piano EnglishLanguage "A &%StringInstrument with keys that, when pressed down, activate hammers that, in turn, strike strings.") (subclass Cello StringInstrument) (documentation Cello EnglishLanguage "The cello is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.") (subclass Guitar StringInstrument) (documentation Guitar EnglishLanguage "A &%StringInstrument that has six to twelve strings and is played by strumming with one hand while grasping frets with the other hand.") (subclass Bell PercussionInstrument) (documentation Bell EnglishLanguage "A &%PercussionInstrument that produces a single tone when it is struck.") ;; NS: Apparently, destination is not a subrelation of ;; patient (this is good), but in the rule below ?B might ;; just as cogently be considered the patient (the object ;; acted upon/struck). The less precise we are about the ;; distinctions between CaseRoles, the less useful SUMO will ;; be for practical applications requiring inference. ;; Impacting is a subclass of Translocation, but no ;; information regarding the nature of the translocated ;; object is provided. ;; ;; TO DO: Flesh out/clean up Impacting, including the rule ;; below. (=> (and (instance ?B Bell) (instance ?I Impacting) (destination ?I ?B)) (exists (?MT) (and (instance ?MT MusicalTone) (causes ?I ?MT)))) (subclass Drum PercussionInstrument) (documentation Drum EnglishLanguage "An atonal &%PercussionInstrument which consists of a hollow cylinder and a fabric stretched across at least one end of the cylinder.") (=> (instance ?D Drum) (hasPurpose ?D (exists (?P) (and (instance ?P Drumming) (instrument ?P ?D))))) (subclass Bugle HornInstrument) (documentation Bugle EnglishLanguage "A &%HornInstrument that has no valves.") (=> (instance ?B Bugle) (not (exists (?V) (and (instance ?V Valve) (part ?V ?B))))) (subclass Clarinet WindInstrument) (documentation Clarinet EnglishLanguage "A single-reed &%WindInstrument with a straight tube.") (subclass Flute WindInstrument) (documentation Flute EnglishLanguage "A &%WindInstrument with a slender tube closed at one end with finger holes on one end and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown.") (subclass Oboe WindInstrument) (documentation Oboe EnglishLanguage "A slender double-reed &%WindInstrument with a sconical bore and a double-reed mouthpiece.") (subclass Saxophone WindInstrument) (documentation Saxophone EnglishLanguage "A single-reed &%WindInstrument with a conical bore.") (subclass Castanet PercussionInstrument) (termFormat EnglishLanguage Castanet "castanet") (documentation Castanet EnglishLanguage "Castanets are a percussion instrument (idiophone), used in Kalo, Moorish, Ottoman, ancient Roman, Italian, Spanish, Sephardic, Swiss, and Portuguese music. The instrument consists of a pair of concave shells joined on one edge by a string. They are held in the hand and used to produce clicks for rhythmic accents or a ripping or rattling sound consisting of a rapid series of clicks. They are traditionally made of hardwood (chestnut; Spanish: castaño), although fibreglass is becoming increasingly popular.[from Wikipedia]") (subclass Cithara StringInstrument) (termFormat EnglishLanguage Cithara "cithara") (documentation Cithara EnglishLanguage "Cithara was an ancient Greek musical instrument in the lyre or lyra family. In modern Greek the word kithara has come to mean 'guitar', a word which etymologically stems from kithara. The kithara was a professional version of the two-stringed lyre. As opposed to the simpler lyre, which was a folk-instrument, the kithara was primarily used by professional musicians, called kitharodes. The kithara's origins are likely Asiatic. The barbiton was a bass version of the kithara popular in the eastern Aegean and ancient Asia Minor. In the Middle Ages, cythara was also used generically for stringed instruments including lyres, but also including lute-like instruments.[4][5] The use of the name throughout the Middle Ages looked back to the original Greek cithara and its abilities to sway people's emotions. [from Wikipedia]") (subclass Pianola Piano) (termFormat EnglishLanguage Pianola "pianola") (documentation Pianola EnglishLanguage "A player piano (also known as pianola) is a self-playing piano, containing a pneumatic or electro-mechanical mechanism that operates the piano action via pre-programmed music recorded on perforated paper, or in rare instances, metallic rolls, with more modern implementations using MIDI. The rise of the player piano grew with the rise of the mass-produced piano for the home in the late 19th and early 20th century. Sales peaked in 1924, then declined as the improvement in phonograph recordings due to electrical recording methods developed in the mid-1920s. The advent of electrical amplification in home music reproduction via radio in the same period helped cause their eventual decline in popularity, and the stock market crash of 1929 virtually wiped out production.[from Wikipedia]") ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Processes Related to Playing Instruments ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (subclass Ringing RadiatingSound) (documentation Ringing EnglishLanguage "Any instance of &%RadiatingSound which is produced by a &%Bell.") (=> (instance ?R Ringing) (exists (?B) (and (instance ?B Bell) (instrument ?R ?B)))) ;; NS: edit. Fixed a misspelling. (documentation Drumming EnglishLanguage "Playing a Drum. Note that this includes both musical performance, as well as signalling and ceremonial applications.") (subclass Drumming MakingInstrumentalMusic) (=> (instance ?D Drumming) (exists (?A ?DRUM ?I) (and (agent ?D ?A) (instrument ?D ?DRUM) (subProcess ?I ?D) (agent ?I ?A) (patient ?I ?DRUM) (instance ?I Impacting) (instance ?DRUM Drum)))) ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Occupations related to music Industry ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (instance Composer ArtisticOccupation) (documentation Composer EnglishLanguage "An &%ArtisticOccupation which is defined by the skill of &%ComposingMusic.") (=> (attribute ?PERSON Composer) (hasSkill ComposingMusic ?PERSON)) (instance Pianist Musician) (documentation Pianist EnglishLanguage "A &%Musician defined by beiing able to play &%Piano.") (=> (attribute ?PERSON Pianist) (hasSkill (PlayingInstrumentFn Piano) ?PERSON)) (instance Violinist Musician) (documentation Violinist EnglishLanguage "A &%Musician defined by beiing able to play &%Violin.") (=> (attribute ?PERSON Violinist) (hasSkill (PlayingInstrumentFn Violin) ?PERSON)) (instance Guitarist Musician) (documentation Guitarist EnglishLanguage "A &%Musician defined by beiing able to play &%Guitar.") (=> (attribute ?PERSON Guitarist) (hasSkill (PlayingInstrumentFn Guitar) ?PERSON)) (instance Cellist Musician) (documentation Cellist EnglishLanguage "A &%Musician defined by beiing able to play &%Cello.") (=> (attribute ?PERSON Cellist) (hasSkill (PlayingInstrumentFn Cello) ?PERSON)) (instance Saxophonist Musician) (documentation Saxophonist EnglishLanguage "A &%Musician defined by beiing able to play &%Saxophone.") (=> (attribute ?PERSON Saxophonist) (hasSkill (PlayingInstrumentFn Saxophone) ?PERSON)) (instance Drummer Musician) (documentation Drummer EnglishLanguage "A &%Musician who is able to play &%Drum.") (=> (attribute ?PERSON Drummer) (hasSkill (PlayingInstrumentFn Drum) ?PERSON)) (instance SoloSinger Musician) (documentation SoloSinger EnglishLanguage "A &%Musician who is skilled at &%Singing.") (=> (attribute ?PERSON SoloSinger) (hasSkill Singing ?PERSON)) ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;; Miscellaneous ;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (instance originalExpressedInLanguage BinaryPredicate) (documentation originalExpressedInLanguage EnglishLanguage "(&%originalExpressedInLanguage ?PROP ?LANG) means that &%Proposition ?PROP, the first time it was ever realized in a &%LinguisticExpression, was first expressed in &%Language ?LANG.") (termFormat EnglishLanguage originalExpressedInLanguage "original expressed in language") (domain originalExpressedInLanguage 1 Proposition) (domain originalExpressedInLanguage 2 Language) (=> (originalExpressedInLanguage ?PROP ?LANG) (exists (?PHYS ?TIME) (and (instance ?PHYS LinguisticExpression) (representsInLanguage ?PHYS ?PROP ?LANG) (equal ?TIME (WhenFn ?PHYS)) (not (exists (?BEFORE ?OTHER) (and (instance ?OTHER LinguisticExpression) (represents ?OTHER ?PROP) (equal ?BEFORE (WhenFn ?OTHER)) (before ?BEFORE ?TIME))))))) (instance releaseForConsumption TernaryPredicate) (documentation releaseForConsumption EnglishLanguage "(&%releaseForConsumption ?OBJ ?AREA ?TIME) means that &%Object ?OBJ was release for some type of consumption - like watching, eating, listening, reading, etc - in &%GeographicArea ?AREA at &%TimePoint ?TIME") (termFormat EnglishLanguage releaseForConsumption "release for consumption") (domainSubclass releaseForConsumption 1 Object) (domain releaseForConsumption 2 GeographicArea) (domain releaseForConsumption 3 TimePoint) (=> (releaseForConsumption ?OBJ ?AREA ?TIME) (holdsDuring (ImmediateFutureFn ?TIME) (exists (?P ?O) (and (instance ?O ?OBJ) (patient ?P ?O) (eventLocated ?P ?AREA))))) (subrelation releaseForSale releaseForConsumption) (instance releaseForSale TernaryRelation) (documentation releaseForSale EnglishLanguage "(&%releaseForSale ?OBJ ?AREA ?TIME) means that &%Object ?OBJ was released for sale in &%GeographicArea ?AREA at &%TimePoint ?TIME") (termFormat EnglishLanguage releaseForSale "release for sale") ;; after an object's release in an area, it is possible to buy it there (=> (releaseForSale ?OBJ ?AREA ?TIME) (holdsDuring (ImmediateFutureFn ?TIME) (modalAttribute (exists (?O ?B) (and (instance ?O ?OBJ) (instance ?B Buying) (eventLocated ?B ?AREA) (patient ?B ?O))) Possibility)))