;; ============================================================================
;;                   REARDEN COMMERCE, INC.
;;                    FlashOffers Ontology
;; ============================================================================

;; Created by: Valeria de Paiva (vdepaiva [at] reardencommerce [dot] com)
;; Created on: October 31st, 2011
;;  
;; Description:  This describes concepts related to flash offers, 
;; starting from the offers described in the file on deals, email from
;;

;; Ontology dependencies for FlashOffers.kif: 
;; Merge.kif
;; Mid-level-ontology.kif 
;; Catalog.kif

;; Access to and use of these products is governed by the GNU General Public 
;; License <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>. 
;; By using these products, you agree to be bound by the terms  of the GPL.
;; We ask the people using or referencing this work cite our primary paper:
;; Niles, I., and Pease, A.  2001.  Towards a Standard Upper Ontology.  In 
;; Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Ontology in 
;; Information Systems (FOIS-2001), Chris Welty and Barry Smith, eds, 
;; Ogunquit, Maine, October 17-19, 2001.  See also http://www.ontologyportal.org

;; Many of the offers are classes: exercise, art, acting, computer training, etc.
;; class in WN maps to EducationalProcess in Merge.kif 9417-9418
;; also have EducationalCourse a
;; subclass of EducationalProgram
;;--------------------------------------------------------------------
;;  CLASSES

(subclass LearningMeeting Meeting)
(subclass LearningClass LearningMeeting)

(=>
  (instance ?CLASS LearningClass)
  (exists (?MEET ?LEARN)
    (and
      (instance ?MEET LearningMeeting)
      (instance ?LEARN Learning))))
      
(=>
  (instance ?CLASS LearningClass)
  (exists (?PERSON1 ?PERSON2 ?SUBJ ?LEARN)
    (and
      (hasSkill ?SUBJ ?PERSON1)
      (not (hasSkill ?SUBJ ?PERSON2))
      (subProcess ?CLASS ?LEARN)
      (instance ?LEARN Learning)
      (agent ?LEARN ?PERSON2)
      (refers ?CLASS ?SUBJ)))) 
      
(subclass LearningClass EducationalProcess)

;; classes can be (at least) for artistic activities or for fitness or for work improvement or for entertainment purposes

;; For any of  the sports in Sports.kif we can have a SportClass:
;; either a 1-to-1 (private class) or a group class where the sport is taught by someone who has expertise on that sport.

;; ClassOnSportFn
;; For each sport we can have a class that is teaching that sport for a given (short) amount of time. 
(documentation ClassOnSportFn EnglishLanguage "A unary function that, when given a ?SPORT will return an instance of a class associated with that sport, e.g. (ClassOnSportFn MountainBiking), 
is an instance of an LearningClass on the sport of Mountain biking.")
(domain ClassOnSportFn 1 Sport)     
(instance ClassOnSportFn UnaryFunction)     
(range ClassOnSportFn LearningClass)

(subclass MountainBike Bicycle)
(subclass ElectricBike Bicycle)

; (ClassOnSportFn Soccer) is a class on which someone teaches and someone learns something about &%Soccer
(=>
  (ClassOnSportFn ?SPORT)
  (exists (?PERSON1 ?PERSON2 ?CLASS)
    (and
      (hasSkill ?SPORT ?PERSON1)
      (not (hasSkill ?SPORT ?PERSON2))
      (instance ?CLASS LearningClass)
      (refers ?CLASS ?SPORT)))) 
;; must make sure that all the Sports in the HomeRun offers are available on Sports.kif. 
    
;; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; ClassOnAcademicFieldFn

;; For each academic field of study we can have a class that is teaching that academic field or activity for a given (short) amount of time. 
(documentation ClassOnAcademicFieldFn EnglishLanguage "A unary function that, when given a ?FIELDOFSTUFY will return an instance of class associated with that field of study, e.g. (ClassOnAcademicFieldFn Astronomy), is an instance of an LearningClass on  &%Astronomy.")
(domain ClassOnAcademicFieldFn 1 Sport)     
(instance ClassOnAcademicFieldFn UnaryFunction)     
(range ClassOnAcademicFieldFn LearningClass)

; added Paleontology for digging class

; also Foreign languages give rise to classes to learn to speak/write on them
(documentation ClassOnLanguageFn EnglishLanguage "A unary function that, when given a ?LANGUAGE  returns an instance of learning class associated with that language, 
 e.g. (ClassOnLanguageFn French), is an instance of an LearningClass on  &%French.")
(domain ClassOnLanguageFn 1 Language)     
(instance ClassOnLanguageFn UnaryFunction)     
(range ClassOnLanguageFn LearningClass)

;; Languages.kif has all languages in a very detailed way, but they're not connected in particular they're not subs of NaturalLanguage, adding this sub here
;; in Mid-level-ontology.kif we only have
;(instance EnglishLanguage NaturalLanguage)  Merge.kif 1254-1254     
;(instance FrenchLanguage NaturalLanguage)   Mid-level-ontology.kif 11177-11177  
;(instance GermanLanguage NaturalLanguage)   Mid-level-ontology.kif 11182-11182  
;(instance GreekLanguage NaturalLanguage)    Mid-level-ontology.kif 11187-11187  
;(instance LatinLanguage NaturalLanguage)    Mid-level-ontology.kif 11191-11191  
;(instance RussianLanguage NaturalLanguage)  Mid-level-ontology.kif 11196-11196  
;(instance SpanishLanguage NaturalLanguage)
;; Adding other natural languages first the ones with more than 50 million native speakers 
;; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers
;; Need to add all of the languages at some stage
(instance ChineseLanguage NaturalLanguage) ; Standard Chinese or Mandarin are also used
(instance PortugueseLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance UrduLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance ArabicLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance BengaliLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance JapaneseLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance HindiLanguage NaturalLanguage)
;Wikipedia talks about PunjabiLanguage which our ontologist didn't consider, I think
(instance JavaneseLanguage NaturalLanguage)
;(instance WuLanguage NaturalLanguage) ??
(instance TeluguLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance VietnameseLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance MarathiLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance KoreanLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance TamilLanguage NaturalLanguage)
; (instance CantoneseLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance TurkishLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance PashtoLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance ItalianLanguage NaturalLanguage)
; 50 million
(instance TaiwaneseLanguage NaturalLanguage)
;(instance GujaratiLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance PolishLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance PersianLanguage NaturalLanguage)
;(instance BengaliLanguage NaturalLanguage)
;(instance BengaliLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance UcranianLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance MalayLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance DutchLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance FlemishLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance RomanianLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance CzechLanguage NaturalLanguage)
(instance TagalogLanguage NaturalLanguage)
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;; ClassOnArtFn

;; For each artistic activity we could have a class that is teaching that artistic activity for a given (short) amount of time, but we don't have a concept of ArtisticActivity. 
;(documentation ClassOnArtFn EnglishLanguage "A unary function that, when given a ?ART will return an instance of class associated with that sport, e.g. (ClassOnArtFn Dancing), is an instance of an EducationalProcess on the art  of &%Dancing.")
;(domain ClassOnArttFn 1 Process)     
;(instance ClassOnArtFn UnaryFunction)     
;(range ClassOnArtFn EducationalProcess)

;examples : Cooking, Dancing, Drawing, Painting, ScreenPrinting

(subclass DanceClass EducationalProcess)

(=>
  (instance ?CLASS DanceClass)
  (exists (?PROC)
    (and
      (instance ?PROC Dancing)
      (subProcess ?PROC ?CLASS))))

(subclass PhotographyClass EducationalProcess)
(=> 
  (instance ?CLASS PhotographyClass)
  (exists (?PROC)
    (and
      (instance ?PROC Photographing)
      (subProcess ?PROC ?CLASS))))

(subclass MusicClass EducationalProcess)
(=>
  (instance ?CLASS MusicClass)
  (exists (?PROC)
    (and
      (instance ?PROC MakingMusic)
      (subProcess ?PROC ?CLASS))))
      
;; there are also all the classes on learning to play a musical instrument  e.g.
;;(subclass GuitarLesson MusicClass)      Need a function here too:
(documentation LessonOnInstrumentFn EnglishLanguage "A unary function that, when given a musical ?INSTRUMENT will return an instance of class associated with learning  that instrument, e.g. (LessonOnInstrumentFn Piano), is an instance of an EducationalProcess on learning to play the  &%Piano.")
(domain LessonOnInstrumentFn 1 MusicalInstrument)     
(instance LessonOnInstrumentFn UnaryFunction)     
(range LessonOnInstrumentFn EducationalProcess)
      
(subclass ActingClass EducationalProcess)
(=>
  (instance ?CLASS ActingClass)
  (exists (?PROC)
    (and
      (instance ?PROC DramaticActing)
      (subProcess ?PROC ?CLASS))))   

;;-------------------------------------
;; commented out in Economy.kif, removing here after discussion with Adam
;(subclass Handicraft Artifact)
;documentation Handicraft EnglishLanguage "&%Handicraft is the class of &%Artifacts that are made by hand with a special skill.")
;(subclass HandwovenCarpet TextileArtifact)
;(subclass HandwovenCarpet Handicraft) 
;(subclass HandMadeCard Handicraft) 
;(subclass HandMadeJewelry Handicraft) 
;(subclass HandMadeJewelry Jewelry)  

; SUMO has HolidayCard: making it a tad more general, calling it greeting card, at least it works for birthdays and sympathy too
(subclass HolidayCard GreetingCard)  
(subclass GreetingCard ContentBearingObject)
;(subclass HolidayCard ContentBearingObject)
(documentation GreetingCard EnglishLanguage "a rectangular piece of stiff paper used to send messages - may have printed greetings or pictures.")

; meant to include CardMakingClass, JewelryMakingClass, PaintingClass, FloralDesignClass, Pottery making/decorating, etc...
; Should this include FilmMaking, Painting, Drawing too?

(subclass ArtMakingClass EducationalProcess)

(=>
  (instance ?CLASS ArtMakingClass)
  (exists (?PROC ?ART)
    (and
      (instance ?PROC Making)
      (patient ?PROC ?ART)
      (instance ?ART ArtWork)
      (subProcess ?PROC ?CLASS))))
      
 ;;---------------------------------------------
(subclass CookingClass EducationalProcess)

(=>
  (instance ?CLASS CookingClass)
  (exists (?PROC)
    (and
      (instance ?PROC Cooking)
      (subProcess ?PROC ?CLASS))))
 
; HomeRun calls it mixology, sometimes. bar tending 95k hits, bartending 165K hits nov2011   
   
(subclass BartendingClass EducationalProcess) 

(subclass WineMakingClass EducationalProcess) 

(=>
  (instance ?CLASS WineMakingClass)
  (exists (?PROC ?WINE)
    (and
      (instance ?PROC Making)
      (result ?PROC ?WINE)
      (instance ?WINE Wine)
      (subProcess ?PROC ?CLASS))))

(subclass BreadMakingClass CookingClass)  
(=>
  (instance ?CLASS BreadMakingClass)
  (exists (?PROC)
    (and
      (instance ?PROC Cooking)
      (result ?PROC BreadOrBiscuit)
      (subProcess ?PROC ?CLASS))))   
      
(subclass TruffleDessert Chocolate)
(subclass Dessert PreparedFood)
(documentation Dessert EnglishLanguage "In cultures around the world, dessert is a course that typically comes at the end of a meal, usually consisting of sweet food.")
(documentation TruffleDessert EnglishLanguage "Truffle is a creamy chocolate dessert.")   
(subclass ChocolateMakingClass CookingClass)
(subclass DessertMakingClass CookingClass)
(subclass TruffleMakingClass ChocolateMakingClass)
(subclass Gnocchi PreparedFood)
(documentation Gnocchi EnglishLanguage "Gnocchi are various thick, soft dumplings, often made of potatoes.")
; HomeRun has classes on truffles, gnocchi, tortillas and desserts and 
(subclass TortilladePatatas PreparedFood)
(documentation TortilladePatatas EnglishLanguage "is a typically Spanish dish consisting of a thick egg omelette made with potatoes and fried in olive oil.")

; wine appreciation and wine pairing with food classes?
; for any food can we have a class cooking that PreparedFood? YES.
(documentation LessonOnCookingFoodFn EnglishLanguage "A unary function that, when given a prepared food ?FOOD will return an instance of class 
associated with learning  to make that food, e.g. (LessonOnCookingFoodFn Gnocchi), is an instance of an EducationalProcess on learning how to make &%Gnocchi.")
(domain LessonOnCookingFoodFn 1 PreparedFood)     
(instance LessonOnCookingFoodFn UnaryFunction)     
(range LessonOnCookingFoodFn CookingClass)

(=>
  (instance ?CLASS (LessonOnCookingFoodFn ?FOOD))
  (exists (?PROC)
    (and
      (instance ?PROC Cooking)
      (result ?PROC ?FOOD)
      (subProcess ?PROC ?CLASS))))
;;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Entertainment Activities that are not sports or arts

(subclass Hiking Walking)
(documentation Hiking EnglishLanguage "The process of taking a  a long walk usually for exercise or pleasure.")      
(subclass WalkingTour Walking)

(subclass WalkingTour TourService)
(documentation WalkingTour EnglishLanguage "A walking tour  is a full or partial-day tour of one or more tourist 
destinations, which can be led by a tour guide, an escort, or be self-guided.")

(subclass ZoologicalGarden StationaryArtifact)
(documentation ZoologicalGarden EnglishLanguage "A zoological garden, zoological park, menagerie, or zoo is a facility in which animals are confined within enclosures, 
displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred.")
(subclass BotanicalGarden StationaryArtifact)
(documentation BotanicalGarden EnglishLanguage "A facility where trees and shrubs are cultivated for exhibition.") 

;; many kinds of IndoorPlayground with admission fees, sometimes with people to help entertain or teach young kids, 
;; examples include Chuck E Cheese, The jungle, etc
(subclass IndoorPlayground Building)

;; many offers are tours of Boston, New York and San Francisco, by bike, walking, by trolley, by limo, etc..

(documentation TourOnAreaFn EnglishLanguage "A unary function that, when given a
?AREA returns an instance of a tour service associated with that region, e.g.
(TourOnAreaFn BostonMassachusetts), is an instance of a TourService in
&%BostonMassachusetts.")

(domain TourOnAreaFn 1 GeographicArea)     
(instance TourOnAreaFn UnaryFunction)     
(range TourOnAreaFn TourService)

;; zillions of Wine tastings, WN has: wine tasting is a gathering of people to taste and compare different wines. 

(subclass WineTasting Meeting)
(documentation WineTasting EnglishLanguage "Wine tasting is a gathering of people to taste and compare different wines [c/o WordNet].")
(=>
  (instance ?WT WineTasting)
  (hasPurpose ?WT
    (exists (?D ?W)
      (and
        (instance ?D Drinking)
        (patient ?D ?W)
        (instance ?W Wine)
        (located ?D ?WT)))))
        
;; jave also rum tasting and tequilla tasting, worth making a function? I guess so  

(subclass BeverageTasting Meeting)
(documentation BeverageTasting EnglishLanguage "Beverage tasting is  a gathering of people to taste and compare different types of a given &%Beverage, usually an alcoholic one.")
(=>
  (instance ?BT BeverageTasting)
  (hasPurpose ?BT
    (exists (?D ?B)
      (and
        (instance ?D Drinking)
        (patient ?D ?B)
        (instance ?B Beverage)
        (located ?D ?BT)))))