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; Adding Atoms to the Knowledge Base
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!(bind! &kb0 (new-space))
!(add-atom &kb0 a)
!(add-atom &kb0 b)
;MeTTaLog Only: !(assertEqual (atom-count &kb0) 2)
!(assertEqualToResult (get-atoms &kb0) (a b))

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; Removing Atoms from the Knowledge Base
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!(bind! &kb1 (new-space))
!(add-atom &kb1 a)
!(add-atom &kb1 b)
!(add-atom &kb1 c)
;; Remove an atom and test for success
!(assertTrue (remove-atom &kb1 b)) ; remove_atom on a present atom should return true
;; Attempt to remove a non-existent atom and test for failure
!(assertFalse (remove-atom &kb1 bogus)) ; remove_atom on a missing atom should return false
;; Verify the current state of the knowledge base
!(assertEqualToResult (get-atoms &kb1) (a c))

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; Replacing Atoms in the Knowledge Base
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!(bind! &kb2 (new-space))
(= (replace-atom $space $before $after) (if (remove-atom $space $before) (add-atom $space $after) False))
!(add-atom &kb2 a)
!(add-atom &kb2 b)
!(add-atom &kb2 c)
;; Replace an atom and verify the operation was successful
!(assertTrue (replace-atom &kb2 b d))
;; Check the new set of atoms in the knowledge base
!(assertEqualToResult (get-atoms &kb2) (a d c))

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; Querying Atoms in the Knowledge Base
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!(bind! &kb3 (new-space))
!(add-atom &kb3 ( A B))
!(add-atom &kb3 ( C D))
;; Adding a duplicate pattern for testing multiple matches
!(add-atom &kb3 ( A E))
;; Verify that the query returns the expected matches
!(assertEqualToResult (match &kb3 ( A $XX) $XX) (B E))

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; Comprehensive Test with Add, Remove, Query
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
!(bind! &kb4 (new-space))
!(add-atom &kb4 initial-state)
;; Perform a sequence of operations
!(add-atom &kb4 x)
!(remove-atom &kb4 initial-state)
!(add-atom &kb4 y)
;; Final state should have x and y only
!(assertEqualToResult (get-atoms &kb4) (x y))
;; Query to test the presence of x and y
!(assertTrue (query &kb4 x))
!(assertTrue (query &kb4 y))